Clinical intelligence & editorial.

PubMed

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Effects on Pulmonary Hemodynamics and Left Ventricular Function in Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) are strongly linked to pulmonary hypertension and left ventricular abnormalities, driving cardiovascular issues. OHS, with daytime hypercapnia, affects 10%–20% of OSA patients. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the first‐line therapy, but its cardiac effects are inconsistent. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis adhering to the PRISMA 2020 statement. Risk of bias was assessed...

Sleep Apnea

Li J, Zhao J, Pang PP, Zhai WJ, Wang YK, Zhang XY, Wei YQ• January 1, 2026

PubMed

Association of Lactate-to-Albumin Ratio With 28-Day Mortality in Critically Ill Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on the MIMIC-IV Database.

Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is not uncommon among critically ill patients, especially in those with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. Its high mortality rate remains a major challenge in the intensive care setting. The frequent apnea and respiratory failure during sleep in OSA patients, along with the intermittent hypoxemia caused by it, are accompanied by a series of systemic pathological and physiological changes. Metabolic imbalance is a key characteristic of the underlying...

Sleep Apnea

Zhou J, Chi C, Yu F, Wu J, Lou H• January 1, 2026

PubMed

Diet and physical activity behaviors among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): Are they different from healthy women?

Objective To investigate the diet and physical activity habits among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and compare them with age and BMI matched controls. Methods This cross-sectional cohort study included 90 women with PCOS from a diverse population representing various socioeconomic backgrounds in both urban and rural areas. Ninety women with PCOS, diagnosed according to Rotterdam criteria, were matched for age and BMI with 270 healthy women from the same community who served as a...

Pcos

Kamboj S, Arora T, Amlin D, Jyoti A, Ahuja G, Banerjee S, Kutum R, Malhotra N• January 1, 2026

PubMed

Comparative Outcomes of Letrozole Versus Clomiphene Citrate for Ovulation Induction in Patients With PCOS: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective This study aimed to synthesize available high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing reproductive outcomes between letrozole (LE) and clomiphene citrate (CC) for ovulation induction in women with PCOS. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, this review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251013416). A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Elsevier, the National Library of Medicine, and Google Scholar up to March 2025. A total of 32 RCTs were incl...

Pcos

Miller KAR, Pinheiro GM• January 1, 2026

PubMed

Assessment of Sonographic Ovarian Volume as an Potential Predictor of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorder commonly associated with obesity and reproductive morbidities. The relationship between ovarian volume and BMI as well as ovarian morphology was therefore examined in this study to assess whether sonographic ovarian volume can serve as a supportive parameter in predicting PCOS in clinical practice. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study of 100 women aged 20–40 years was conducted at the Uni...

Pcos

Ali B, Hadadi I, Adam M, Faqihi WA, Sayed M, Alotaibi SA, Gareeballah A, England A• January 1, 2026

PubMed

Living with PCOS: A Narrative of its Biology, Diagnosis, and Evolving Treatment.

Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovarian dysfunction, and metabolic abnormalities. It affects between 4% and 21% of females of fertile age. The present review provides a comprehensive analysis of PCOS, covering pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, prevalence, biochemical markers, and demographic influences. It examines genetic, hormonal, and lifestyle variables, contributing to the conditions, highlighting ethnic d...

Pcos

Shams S, Jawaid S, Rai N, Kala K, Choudhary A, Neelofar N, Anwar F• January 1, 2026

PubMed

The Mechanism of Icariin in Regulating BMSCs for Treating Osteoporosis: A Review.

Introduction Osteoporosis (OP) is a common skeletal disease mainly caused by the imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption. Dysfunction and senescence of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are critical pathogenic factors for OP, resulting in impaired osteogenic differentiation, increased adipogenic shift, and enhanced susceptibility to inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to systematically synthesize current evidence on how Icariin (ICA)...

Osteoporosis

Wang C, Wu Z, Xu Y, Li Y, Man Z, Liu K, Wang J, Lin W, Qie F, Shi X, Yuan Y• January 1, 2026

PubMed

Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence in the Development of Osteoporosis: Mechanisms, Interventions, and Future Directions.

Osteoporosis, a significant age-related disease, is marked by diminished bone density and an elevated risk of fractures, representing a considerable global health challenge. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are essential in maintaining bone integrity through their differentiation into osteoblasts, which are crucial for bone formation. Nevertheless, the aging of BMSCs diminishes their regenerative abilities and intensifies inflammation, thereby playing a critical role in osteoporosis pa...

Osteoporosis

Li C, Li B, Zhang J, Liu K, Du G, Guo C, Yang Z• January 1, 2026

PubMed

The Patent Landscape of AI-Based Imaging Diagnostics for Osteoporosis: A Scoping Review.

Background Osteoporosis is a widespread skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone density and increased fracture risk. Early detection is critical to preventing disability and healthcare burden. Methods A systematic search was conducted in Google Patents for documents filed between June 2022 and June 2025 that applied artificial intelligence or machine learning to osteoporosis detection using X-ray imaging. Patents were screened in three stages by independent reviewers according to pred...

Osteoporosis

Feng Z, Wu S, Wang X, Lou L, Liu X, Chai Y• January 1, 2026

PubMed

Multimodal Osteoporosis Assessment using X-ray Imaging and Clinical Data with a Hybrid Deep Learning Model.

Introduction/Background Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterised by low bone mass. The classification typically includes three stages: normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. Early detection is essential for effective treatment and reducing fracture risk. This detection is possible through X-ray imaging and clinical assessments, such as measuring T-score and SoS, etc. This study aims to enhance the accuracy of osteoporosis assessment by combining both imaging and clinical data u...

Osteoporosis

Pappathi NA, Sakthivel B, Abdullah S S• January 1, 2026

PubMed

Integrating Shared Decision-Making, Motivational Interviewing, and Health Coaching in Obesity Care: A Stage-Based Conceptual Framework for Sustainable Behavior Change.

Background Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial disease that requires sustained modification of health behaviors. Although effective behavioral, pharmacological, and surgical treatments are available, long‐term weight loss maintenance remains challenging. Shared decision‐making (SDM), motivational interviewing (MI), and health coaching (HC) have been studied as patient‐centered approaches that may support communication, decision‐making, motivation, and engagement. However, their impact on behav...

Obesity

Domosławska-Żylińska K, Olejniczak D, Włodarczyk D• January 1, 2026

PubMed

Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Treating Diabetes Mellitus and Weight Loss with Potential Application to Rare Obesity-related Genetic Disorders: A Commentary.

Background Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) and receptor (GLP1R) agonists are now in common use for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus and weight loss as major global health burdens affecting millions worldwide with prevalence of both diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes approaching 15% for all U.S. adults increasing with age (www.cdc.gov/diabetes/php/data-research/index.html). More than two in five U.S. adults have obesity (www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult-obesity-facts/index.html) along with a growing nu...

Obesity

Francis L, Butler MG• January 1, 2026