Clinical intelligence & editorial.

PubMed

Application of operant demand in autism and developmental disabilities: An updated review (2017-2025).

Abstract Operant demand within behavioral economics provides a quantitative framework for evaluating reinforcer efficacy in applied research involving individuals with autism and those with related developmental disabilities. This systematic review extended the work of Gilroy, Kaplan, and Leader (2018) by examining applied operant demand research published between March 2017 and December 2025. Following PRISMA guidelines, 30 articles (31 experiments; 307 participants) were identified and coded...

Autism

Kim JY, Shawler L, Gilroy S• January 1, 2026

PubMed

Relationship between BMI-SDS trajectories and childhood asthma: a prospective cohort study from the Japan Environment and Children's Study.

Background The association between obesity and asthma in children has been reported. However, despite its clinical and public health significance, the relationship between longitudinal body mass index standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) trajectories in early life and development of childhood asthma in Japan remains to be elucidated. Methods This study used fixed data on 11,433 parent-child pairs from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, an ongoing national birth cohort study. Informatio...

Asthma

Akaike S, Sakuragi T, Ishitsuka K, Suga R, Shimizu K, Shimizu K, Tomioka H, Yatera K, Yoshino K, Fukano R, Mine Y, Ochiai M, Morokuma S, Hamada N, Tsuji M, Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) Group• January 1, 2026

PubMed

Expression Profile of the IL-17 Receptor Family on Peripheral B Lymphocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

B cells are key contributors to the immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), yet the expression profile of interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) receptors on human B cells remains incompletely defined. We analyzed the surface expression of IL‐17RA–IL‐17RE on peripheral CD19+ B cells from 42 patients with RA and 20 healthy controls (HC) using flow cytometry. Receptor‐positive cell frequency and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) were evaluated, and disease activity was assessed using the Disease Activity...

Arthritis

Fernando CGC, Sonia SF, Jorge HB, Francisco MVJ, Omar GM, Iván LP, Javier MNJ• January 1, 2026

PubMed

Research Advances in Targeted Modulation of Macrophage M1/M2 Polarization for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disease of the immune system that leads to continuous synovial inflammation and the progressive breakdown of joints. As essential effector cells in innate immunity, macrophages can become either pro‐inflammatory M1 or anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotypes, playing a critical role in RA pathogenesis. A marked M1/M2 polarization imbalance exists in the synovial microenvironment of RA, in which excessive activation and accumulation of M1 macrophages serve as a key hub drivi...

Arthritis

Zuo H, Fan E, Zeng L, Hu J, Sang J, Hao F• January 1, 2026

PubMed

The Efficacy of Cryotherapy in Reducing Pain and Anxiety During Venipuncture: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background Cold therapy, or cryotherapy, is the application of low temperature to reduce pain and swelling, and it is used widely in routine practice to ease the pain and anxiety of venipuncture. This systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluated its effect on venipuncture pain and anxiety, together with postprocedure heart rate. Methods This systematic review and meta‐analysis was registered on PROSPERO and included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of cryotherapy during venipuncture, with...

Anxiety

Shams M, Ahmed A, Shafi N, Anjum HM, Firdous J, Islam N, Sajid HMM, Fatima M, Abid MA, Rezk ZH• January 1, 2026

PubMed

Identification of Yersinia Species in Raw Chicken Meat in Tehran Retail Stores and Determination of Their Antibiotic Resistance Pattern.

Introduction: Yersinia constitutes one of the predominant bacterial agents implicated in foodborne illnesses. The objective of this investigation is to ascertain the presence of Yersinia species in raw chicken meat procured from retail establishments in Tehran, alongside an examination of their antibiotic resistance patterns. Materials & Methods: Between April and September 2023, a total of 220 chicken meat samples were systematically collected and analyzed for contamination by Yersinia speci...

Antibiotic

Mohammadi MR, Rajabi Z, Soltan Dallal MM• January 1, 2026

PubMed

Nested Continual Learning with Elastic Weight Consolidation for Progressive Alzheimer's Disease Classification from MRI.

Introduction/ Objective MRI-based Alzheimer’s staging is often modeled as separate tasks, although clinical assessment progresses from screening to more refined staging. This study developed a continual-learning framework for retaining earlier diagnostic knowledge. Methods A nested multi-head framework was implemented for sequential learning of related binary classification tasks from structural MRI slices. Because verified subject identifiers were unavailable in the Mendeley dataset, the pri...

Alzheimer’S Disease

Akgündoğdu A, Çeli̇kbaş Ş• January 1, 2026

PubMed

Enhancing Executive Function in Adolescents With ADHD: Preliminary Findings From a Multicomponent Intervention.

Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescence is associated with executive function difficulties, which compromise academic performance, daily functioning, and adaptive behaviors. Occupational therapy is aimed at improving EF and occupation and participation impairments. This study presents preliminary findings on the effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention protocol designed to enhance cognitive abilities in adolescents with ADHD. Methods A quasi‐experimenta...

Adhd

Pavlou Papagianni E, Theodorou E• January 1, 2026

PubMed

Specific frontostriatal structural alterations underlie emotional instability but not inattention in ADHD and healthy individuals.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by emotional dysregulation, such as emotional instability, and by non-emotional symptoms, including inattention. These symptom domains are dimensionally distributed in the general population and are hypothesized to reflect both overlapping and distinct structural and functional features of cortical and subcortical brain networks. Methods: We applied a dimensional symptom approach in a sample of adults with ADHD (n = 71...

Adhd

Klahn A, Bayard F, Abé C, Henje E, Floros O, Ingvar M, Landén M, Petrovic P• January 1, 2026

PubMed

Long-Term Benefits of Chronic 5-HT2A Antagonist and 5-HT1A Agonist Treatment on ADHD Behavior in Juvenile Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

Introduction Norepinephrine and Dopamine (DA) are critical brain amines in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), with treatments targeting their neuroreceptors often causing adverse effects, particularly in the motor system through DA receptors. Our earlier study suggested that chronic treatment with a 5-HT1A receptor agonist or a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist in juvenile spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) may improve ADHD-like symptoms by potentially modulating DA receptors. This s...

Adhd

Madhyastha S, Rao MS• January 1, 2026

PubMed

Workplace adjustments equivalent to reasonable accommodations and workplace maladjustment in a general working population, with a focus on high autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits.

Background The potential effectiveness of reasonable accommodations for workers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been reported, but quantitative evidence remains limited. It is also unclear whether ASD- or ADHD-equivalent workplace adjustments benefit workers with lower ASD or ADHD trait levels in the general population. This study aimed to quantitatively examine whether individuals with high or non-high levels of ASD or ADHD traits exp...

Adhd

Suzuki T, Nakazato M, Ohtani T, Ikeda S• January 1, 2026

PubMed

ICPi-Induced Graves' Disease with Pre-existing Autoimmune Thyroid Disorders: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Background Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICPi) therapy has revolutionized cancer treatment but can lead to immune-related adverse events (irAE), including thyroid dysfunction. The impact of ICPi on patients with pre-existing autoimmune thyroid diseases (PATD), particularly the development of Graves' disease, remains poorly understood. Case Presentation We provide the first complete case of Graves' disease with ICPi therapy in a patient who already had Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The patient, a 52...

Thyroid Disorders

Wang X, Chen D, Shi Y, Yang T, Zheng X• January 1, 2026