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Physicians Office Resource's authored articles and clinical reviews, alongside curated literature and news for practical point-of-care guidance and insight.

Showing 193–204 of 1,994 articles

PLOS

Modeling menstrual cycle phases from urinary hormone trajectories using an autoregressive hidden Markov model

The recent availability of at-home menstrual cycle tracking technology has created opportunities for personalized assessment of reproductive health, alongside improved characterization of hormone patterns in women with and without reproductive disorders such as polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS), which affects approximately 10% of reproductive-age women. In this study, we leverage self-tracked urinary hormone data to develop an autoregressive Hidden Markov model (arHMM) that maps cy...

Hormone
Theresa M. Stujenske, Thomas P. Bouchard, Alexis Troy, Sara Kelemen, Brianna Folino, Tara Wills, Lauren A. Sugden•
PLOS

Retraction: An effective hotspot mitigation system for Wireless Sensor Networks using hybridized prairie dog with Genetic Algorithm

The PLOS One Editors retract this article [ 1 ] due to concerns about potential manipulation of the publication process. These concerns call into question the validity and provenance of the reported results. We regret that the issues were not identified prior to the article’s publication. Additionally, the following concerns were noted: Reference 3 was retracted after [ 1 ] was submitted and before [ 1 ] was published. References 24 and 28 were retracted after [ 1 ] was published. The...

Genetics
The PLOS One Editors•
PLOS

PIP5K isoforms and phosphoinositide molecular species in EGF-stimulated PIP3 synthesis: A multi-method approach using enzyme genetic suppression and chemical inhibition in MCF10A cells

The membrane phospholipid PI(4,5)P2 has structural functions and is a substrate for PLC and PI3K enzymes to generate Ins(1,4,5)P3, DAG and PI(3,4,5)P3 signals. PIP5Ks, that 5-phosphorylate PI4P, are the major source of PI(4,5)P2 in mammalian cells. Current thinking suggests distinct pools of PI(4,5)P2 may be differentially generated by PIP5Kα, β and γ isoforms and involved in different physiological functions. Phosphoinositides are comprised of families of acyl-chain variants but are uniquely en...

Genetics
Iosif Alexandrou, Vikki Flemington, Martin E. Swarbrick, Sabina Cosulich, Phillip T. Hawkins, Len R. Stephens•
PLOS

Unveiling Molecular Basis of Terminalia chebula in Modulating the AGE-RAGE-PRKCB Axis in Diabetic Nephropathy: Integrative Network Pharmacology and Computational Study

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy (DN), a progressive microvascular complication of diabetes, remains a principal cause of renal failure worldwide, yet its multifaceted molecular complexity continues to challenge effective therapeutic intervention. In this study, an integrative network pharmacology and computational modeling framework was employed to unravel the mechanistic basis of Terminalia chebula in mitigating DN pathology. A total of 357 phytoconstituents were retrieved from the IMPPAT 2.0 and...

Diabetes
S. M. Riaduzzaman Niaz, Sumaia Jannat, Sheikh Abdullah Al Ashik, Md. Khairul Islam•
PLOS

Genotype-derived interpretive categories of drug response in 908 pharmacogenomic reports from Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective single-centre study

Pharmacogenomic testing is increasingly ordered in routine diabetes care, but the reports it generates are heterogeneous and are not in a form that can be analysed systematically. We examined how genotype is translated into interpretive categories of drug response in a real-world Chinese cohort, and how consistently that translation is applied. We analysed 908 de-identified pharmacogenomic reports issued for patients with type 2 diabetes at a single centre between July 2022 and April 2024. An in...

Diabetes
Ye Liu, Chun-xiao Yu, Li Lu•
PLOS

Depressive symptoms among people living with HIV in Northern Tanzania: The role of family history, social support, and maladaptive coping

Background: Depression is a common mental disorder among people living with HIV (PLWH) and is driven by both neuroimmunological and psychosocial pathways. In turn, depressive symptoms worsen HIV outcomes through reduced adherence, risk behaviors, and impaired immune function. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and identify associated factors among PLWH attending health facilities in northern Tanzania. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study (September–O...

Depression
Neema Allen Ng’unda, Florian Emanuel Ghaimo, Frank Kiwango, Samuel Chacha, Blandina Theophil Mmbaga, Dorothy Mushi, Ester Steven Mzilangwe•
PLOS

Can the exposome help solve the alcohol and cancer mystery?

Alcohol consumption is a preventable driver of many cancers, yet a central biological question remains unresolved: by what mechanisms does ethanol promote malignancy? We propose that alcohol in the context of the exposome (i.e., the network of chemical, biological, and social determinants that interact with ethanol across the life span) provides a unifying framework for understanding alcohol-related carcinogenesis. Viewed through the lens of the exposome, alcohol is not only as a direct carcinog...

Cancer
Vasilis Vasiliou, Arthur Stem, David C. Thompson•
PLOS

Breast cancer examination uptake and its associated factors among women in East African countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Breast cancer is a global public health issue and the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women. Its burden is rising rapidly in low- and middle-income countries. In resource-limited settings, clinical breast examination (CBE) offers a feasible and cost-effective screening method for early detection. Despite its importance, the regional evidence on CBE uptake and its determinants in East Africa remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the pooled uptake o...

Cancer
Getaneh Awoke Yismaw, Mekuriaw Nibret Aweke, Meron Asmamaw Alemayehu, Nebiyu Mekonnen Derseh, Tigist Kifle Tsegaw, Tilahun Yemanu Birhan, Banchlay Addis, Eyob Akalewold Alemu, Fetlework Gubena Arage, Gebrie Getu Alemu, Habtamu Abebe Getahun, Wagaye Atalay Taye, Habtamu Wagnew Abuhay•
PLOS

A pretreatment ECM-high/immune-low transcriptomic score is associated with pathological complete response after neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer

In this retrospective public-cohort observational study, we evaluated a biologically motivated extracellular matrix (ECM)-high/immune-low transcriptomic score for association with pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer. The score contrasted standardized ECM/fibroblast and immune-response components. Cohort-specific logistic models adjusted for available clinical covariates; their performance was evaluated separately and was not validation of a locked tran...

Cancer
Tao Wang, Xiaoyun Wu•
PLOS

Two parallel lateral hypothalamic GABAergic projections differentially modulate pain and anxiety in mice

The lateral hypothalamus (LH) is fundamentally involved in motivated behaviors, yet the precise functional segregation of its GABAergic projections in modulating pain and its affective dimensions remains poorly understood. Here, using male and female mice, we revealed that LH GABAergic neurons sent parallel projections to two pivotal pain and affect processing centers: the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB) and the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT). In vivo fiber photometry revealed...

Anxiety
Yi-Ling Sun, Yi-Ting Peng, Xue Zhang, Cui Yin, Cheng Xiao, Junping Chen, Chunyi Zhou•
PLOS

Virtual reality as a non-pharmacological intervention for pediatric preoperative anxiety: A quality improvement initiative and retrospective analysis

Preoperative anxiety affects a majority of children undergoing surgery and is associated with adverse perioperative and psychological outcomes. Virtual reality (VR) is a promising non-pharmacological option, but real-world implementation data remain limited. We report a nine-month quality-improvement (QI) initiative that implemented a custom VR intervention in a pediatric preoperative holding area, followed by retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. Using a single-arm, pre-post d...

Anxiety
Walaa S. Abu Rukbah, Narendra Vadlamudi, Siri Garrett, Suad Alshammari, Dayanjan S. Wijesinghe•
PubMed

Case Report: Uncommon MRI and PET/CT Imaging Findings in a Rare Case of Vertebral Sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory granulomatous disease that can affect almost any body organ. Among the musculoskeletal manifestations, which are uncommon, vertebral sarcoidosis is extremely rare, while depicting a significant variability in radiological features. We present a unique case of a 52‐year‐old male, who was referred for MRI of the lumbar spine due to inflammatory back pain. Disc bulging at the intervertebral spaces L1/L2, L4/L5, and L5/S1 was found, without any signs of spinal...

Sarcoidosis
Hammadi WHH, Varvounis M, Foufa K•

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