Uptravi (selexipag)
Pulmonary Antihypertensive Agents - Prostacyclin-type Intravenous Vial (Ea); Oral Tablet; Oral Tablet, Dose Pack
Last reviewed · Source: First Databank (FDB) drug data
Overview
Selexipag, a selective nonprostanoid prostacyclin receptor (IP receptor) agonist, is a vasodilator.
Selexipag is a selective nonprostanoid prostacyclin receptor (IP receptor) agonist that is structurally distinct from prostacyclin and its analogs. Selexipag is a prodrug that is rapidly hydrolyzed to its active metabolite (ACT-333679), which is approximately 37 times as potent as selexipag. Selexipag and its active metabolite have similar mechanisms of action to endogenous prostacyclin (i.e., IP receptor agonism).
The binding affinity of the active metabolite for the IP receptor is more than 130 times greater than its affinity for other human prostanoid receptors. This high selectivity for the IP receptor may potentially minimize some of the known adverse effects of prostacyclins such as those affecting the GI system (e.g., nausea, vomiting). Activation of the IP receptor causes an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production which leads to vascular smooth muscle relaxation.
In a phase 2 clinical study, selexipag decreased pulmonary vascular resistance, increased cardiac index, and decreased systemic vascular resistance without causing systemic hypotension in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Although selexipag and its active metabolite inhibit platelet aggregation in vitro, no effect on platelet aggregation was observed when the drug was administered to healthy individuals.
Selexipag exhibits dose-proportional pharmacokinetics with no accumulation following multiple doses. The absolute oral bioavailability of the drug is approximately 49%, most likely due to first-pass metabolism. Following oral administration, selexipag is rapidly absorbed and undergoes hydrolysis by hepatic and intestinal carboxylesterases to yield the active metabolite.
Peak plasma concentrations of the drug and its active metabolite are obtained within 1-3 hours and 3-4 hours, respectively, following oral administration. Steady-state exposure of the active metabolite is approximately three- to fourfold that of the parent compound. In healthy individuals, administration with a high-fat meal prolonged absorption of selexipag, but did not substantially alter exposure to the drug or its active metabolite.
Corresponding oral and IV doses provide similar exposure to the active metabolite in PAH patients at steady-state, whereas the exposure to selexipag is approximately twice as high after IV administration compared to oral administration. Selexipag and its active metabolite are metabolized and predominantly eliminated in feces. Both the parent compound and active metabolite undergo oxidative metabolism, principally by cytochrome P-450 (CYP) isoenzyme 2C8 and to lesser extent by CYP3A4, to form less active metabolites (hydroxylated and dealkylated products).
The active metabolite also is metabolized by uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) 1A3 and 2B7. Following administration of radiolabeled selexipag in healthy individuals, approximately 93 and 12% of total radioactivity was recovered in feces and urine (only inactive metabolites present in urine), respectively. Terminal elimination half-lives of the drug and its active metabolite are approximately 0.8-2.5 and 6.2-13.5 hours, respectively.
The effective half-life of the active metabolite is approximately 3-4 hours.
USES: Selexipag is used to treat high blood pressure in the lungs (pulmonary arterial hypertension-PAH). It is used to help slow down worsening of PAH and to decrease the chance of needing treatment in a hospital. Selexipag works by making it easier for blood to flow through the arteries in your lungs.
This effect helps increase your ability to exercise.
Generic name: selexipag
Pronunciation: (se-LEX-i-pag)
Drug class: Pulmonary Antihypertensive Agents - Prostacyclin-type
Therapeutic class: Cardiovascular Therapy Agents
Reference product & biosimilars
No reference, biosimilar or interchangeable associated with this drug.
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Indications
The following indications are listed for Uptravi:
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Also known as: Hypertensive Pulmonary Arterial Disease, Pulmonary Hypertensive Arterial Disease.
Dosing
Dosage of selexipag should be individualized based on patient tolerability. The recommended initial dosage of selexipag for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in adults is 200 mcg twice daily. Subsequent dosage should be increased in increments of 200 mcg twice daily (usually at weekly intervals) to the highest tolerated dosage up to 1600 mcg twice daily. Adverse effects tend to occur more frequently during the dose titration phase and may be managed with analgesics, antidiarrheals, and antiemetics.
Reduce the dosing interval of selexipag to once daily when co-administered with moderate CYP2C8 inhibitors (e.g., clopidogrel, deferasirox, teriflunomide).
Selexipag is administered as oral tablets or as an IV infusion following reconstitution and dilution of the lyophilized powder. The parenteral preparation is intended for use in patients who are temporarily unable to take oral therapy.
| Drug label | Dosing type | Instructions |
|---|---|---|
| Uptravi 200 Mcg Tablet | Maintenance | Take 1 tablet (200 mcg) by oral route 2 times per day. |
| Uptravi 400 Mcg Tablet | Maintenance | Take 1 tablet (400 mcg) by oral route 2 times per day. |
| Uptravi 600 Mcg Tablet | Maintenance | Take 1 tablet (600 mcg) by oral route 2 times per day. |
| Uptravi 800 Mcg Tablet | Maintenance | Take 1 tablet (800 mcg) by oral route 2 times per day. |
| Uptravi 1,000 Mcg Tablet | Maintenance | Take 1 tablet (1,000 mcg) by oral route 2 times per day. |
| Uptravi 1,200 Mcg Tablet | Maintenance | Take 1 tablet (1,200 mcg) by oral route 2 times per day. |
| Uptravi 1,400 Mcg Tablet | Maintenance | Take 1 tablet (1,400 mcg) by oral route 2 times per day. |
| Uptravi 1,600 Mcg Tablet | Maintenance | Take 1 tablet (1,600 mcg) by oral route 2 times per day. |
No dosing information is available for this tab.
Drug interactions
Selexipag and its active metabolite are metabolized principally by cytochrome P-450 (CYP) isoenzyme 2C8 (CYP2C8) and to a lesser extent by CYP3A4. In vitro studies indicate that selexipag and its active metabolite do not inhibit or induce CYP enzymes at clinically relevant concentrations nor do they inhibit hepatic or renal transport proteins.
In vitro studies indicate that selexipag and its active metabolite are substrates of organic anion transport protein (OATP) 1B1 and 1B3. Selexipag is a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and the active metabolite is a substrate of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP).
Contraindicated Drug Combination: This drug combination is contraindicated and generally should not be dispensed or administered to the same patient.
Selexipag/Strong Cyp2c8 Inhibitors
SEVERITY LEVEL: 1-Contraindicated Drug Combination: This drug combination is contraindicated and generally should not be dispensed or administered to the same patient.
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Strong CYP2C8 inhibitors may inhibit the metabolism of selexipag.(1,2)
CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent use of a strong CYP2C8 inhibitor may increase levels and effects of selexipag, including headache, diarrhea, jaw pain, nausea, myalgia, vomiting, pain in extremity, flushing, decreased hemoglobin, and hyperthyroidism.(1,2)
PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined.
PATIENT MANAGEMENT: The concurrent use of strong CYP2C8 inhibitors and selexipag is contraindicated.(1,2) If concurrent use is warranted, monitor patients closely for increased effects of selexipag, including headache, diarrhea, jaw pain, nausea, myalgia, vomiting, pain in extremity, flushing, decreased hemoglobin, and hyperthyroidism.
DISCUSSION: Gemfibrozil doubled the area-under-curve (AUC) of selexipag and increased the AUC of its active metabolite 11-fold.(1,2) Strong inhibitors of CYP2C8 include gemfibrozil.(3,4)
There are no severe interactions for this drug.
Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed.
Selexipag/Moderate Cyp2c8 Inhibitors
SEVERITY LEVEL: 3-Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed.
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Moderate CYP2C8 inhibitors may inhibit the metabolism of selexipag.(1)
CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent use of a moderate CYP2C8 inhibitor may increase levels and effects of selexipag, including headache, diarrhea, jaw pain, nausea, myalgia, vomiting, pain in extremity, flushing, decreased hemoglobin, and hyperthyroidism.(1)
PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined.
PATIENT MANAGEMENT: When co-administered with a moderate inhibitor of CYP2C8, reduce the dose of selexipag to once daily. If the moderate CYP2C8 inhibitor is discontinued, increase the dose of selexipag to twice daily.(1) If concurrent use is warranted, monitor patients closely for increased effects of selexipag, including headache, diarrhea, jaw pain, nausea, myalgia, vomiting, pain in extremity, flushing, decreased hemoglobin, and hyperthyroidism.
DISCUSSION: Clopidogrel (300 mg for 1 day then 75 mg daily, a moderate CYP2C8 inhibitor) had no effect on exposure to selexipag but increased the area-under-curve (AUC) of selexipag's active metabolite by 2.7-fold.(1) A study in healthy subjects evaluated concurrent therapy with selexipag 200 mcg twice daily with clopidogrel 300 mg single does or 75 mg daily. The AUC and the maximum concentration (Cmax) of ACT-333679, the major contributor to the drug effect, increased 2.25-fold (90% confidence interval (CI) 2.06, 2.46) and 1.69-fold (90% CI 1.55, 1.84), respectively with clopidogrel 300 mg and 2.70-fold (90% CI 2.45, 2.96) and 1.90-fold (90% CI 1.72, 2.11), respectively with clopidogrel 75 mg.(2) Moderate CYP2C8 inhibitors linked include: clopidogrel, deferasirox, leflunomide, letermovir, selpercatinib, and teriflunomide.(3-4)
Selexipag/Rifampin
SEVERITY LEVEL: 3-Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed.
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Rifampin may induce the metabolism of selexipag by CYP2C8 and UGT 1A3 and 2B7 enzymes.(1)
CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent use of rifampin may decrease levels and effectiveness of selexipag.(1)
PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined.
PATIENT MANAGEMENT: When used with rifampin, increase the dose of selexipag up to two-fold. Reduce the dose of selexipag when rifampin is discontinued.(1)
DISCUSSION: Rifampin decreased the area-under-curve (AUC) of the active metabolite of selexipag by 50%.
Contraindications
*Concomitant use of potent inhibitors of CYPC28 (e.g., gemfibrozil).
*Hypersensitivity to selexipag or any excipients.
- Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease
- Child-pugh class B hepatic impairment
- Disease of liver
There are no moderate contraindications for this drug.
Adverse reactions
Adverse effects that occurred more frequently (>=5%) with selexipag compared to placebo in clinical studies include headache, diarrhea, jaw pain, nausea, myalgia, vomiting, pain in extremity, and flushing.
Infusion-site reactions (infusion site erythema/redness, pain and swelling) were reported with selexipag for injection.
Less Frequent
- Anemia
- Hyperthyroidism
More Frequent
- Acute abdominal pain
- Diarrhea
- Flushing
- Headache disorder
- Jaw pain
- Myalgia
- Nausea
- Pain in extremities
- Vomiting
Less Frequent
- Anorexia
- Arthralgia
- Skin rash
Rare or Very Rare
- Hypotension
- Injection site sequelae
Precautions
No enhanced messaging available.
Safety and efficacy of selexipag have not been established in pediatric patients.
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of selexipag in pregnant women. Selexipag did not affect embryofetal development and survival in animal studies.
It is not known whether selexipag is distributed into human milk. The drug and its metabolites are distributed into milk in rats. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions to selexipag in nursing infants, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the woman.
The manufacturer makes no specific dosage recommendations for geriatric patients.
Of the 1368 patients in clinical studies of selexipag, 18% were 65 years of age or older. No overall differences in safety and efficacy were observed between geriatric and younger patients; however, increased sensitivity in some older individuals cannot be ruled out.
ICD codes
| Code | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Pulmonary arterial hypertension | ||
| I27.0 | ICD10CM | Primary pulmonary hypertension |
| I27.21 | ICD10CM | Secondary pulmonary arterial hypertension |
ICD code information from First Databank (FDB).
Formulary status
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Last reviewed · Source: First Databank (FDB) drug data
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