Sodium Chloride (sodium chloride 0.45 %)
Parenteral Solutions Containing Sodium Injection Ampul (ML); Intravenous Intravenous Solution; Irrigation Solution, Irrigation
Last reviewed · Source: First Databank (FDB) drug data
Overview
Sodium chloride is used as a source of sodium and chloride ions, which are essential ions.
Sodium chloride injections are used as a source of sodium chloride and water for hydration. Sodium chloride is used in the prevention or treatment of deficiencies of sodium and chloride ions and in the prevention of muscle cramps and heat prostration resulting from excessive perspiration during exposure to high temperature. Sodium chloride is also used to treat deficiencies of sodium and chloride caused by excessive diuresis or excessive salt restriction.
Generic name: sodium chloride 0.45 %
Pronunciation: (SOE-dee-um KLOR-ide)
Drug class: Parenteral Solutions Containing Sodium
Therapeutic class: Electrolyte Balance-Nutritional Products
Reference product & biosimilars
No reference, biosimilar or interchangeable associated with this drug.
Today’s intelligence on Sodium Chloride
Indications
No indications are available for this drug.
Dosing
Dosage of sodium chloride depends on the age, weight, clinical condition, and fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the patient. The usual adult sodium and chloride requirements can be adequately fulfilled by IV infusion of 1 L of 0.9% sodium chloride injection daily or 1-2 L of 0.45% sodium chloride injection daily. The usual initial IV dose of 3 or 5% sodium chloride injection is 100 mL given over a 1-hour period; before additional amounts are administered, serum electrolyte concentrations, including chloride and bicarbonate, should be determined to assess the need for additional sodium chloride. IV infusion of 3 or 5% sodium chloride injection should not exceed 100 mL/hour. The usual oral replacement dosage of sodium chloride is 1-2 g 3 times daily.
For further information on chemistry and stability, pharmacology, uses, cautions, and dosage and administration of sodium chloride, specialized references and the manufacturers'; labeling should be consulted.
Sodium chloride may be administered orally or by IV infusion. When 3 or 5% sodium chloride injection is indicated, the solution should be administered IV via a large vein, with care taken to avoid infiltration. Sodium chloride injection containing 2.5 or 4 mEq/mL each of sodium and chloride must be diluted with a compatible IV solution prior to IV administration.
Sodium chloride also is administered via oral inhalation. Sterile inhalation solutions of sodium chloride are commercially available in single-dose containers for inhalation via nebulization, for dilution of compatible drugs for nebulization, and for tracheal lavage and irrigation and in metered-dose aerosols for dilution of compatible drugs for nebulization.
No dosing information is available for this tab.
No dosing information is available for this tab.
Drug interactions
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There are no contraindication interactions for this drug.
Severe Interaction: Action is required to reduce the risk of severe adverse interaction.
Hypertonic Saline/Vasopressin Antagonists
SEVERITY LEVEL: 2-Severe Interaction: Action is required to reduce the risk of severe adverse interaction.
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Concurrent administration of vasopressin antagonists and hypertonic saline may result in overly rapid correction of serum sodium levels.(1,2)
CLINICAL EFFECTS: Overly rapid correction of serum sodium levels may result in osmotic demyelination. Symptoms of osmotic demyelination include dysarthria, mutism, dysphagia, lethargy, affective changes, spastic quadriparesis, seizures, coma and/or death.(1,2)
PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Patients who are malnourished, have a history of alcoholism, and/or advanced liver disease may be more susceptible to adverse effects of overly rapid hyponatremia correction.(1,2)
PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Avoid the concurrent use of vasopressin antagonists and hypertonic saline. In patients who are malnourished, have a history of alcoholism, and/or advanced liver disease, use slower rates of sodium correction.(1,2)
DISCUSSION: Overly rapid correction of serum sodium levels may result in osmotic demyelination. Symptoms of osmotic demyelination include dysarthria, mutism, dysphagia, lethargy, affective changes, spastic quadriparesis, seizures, coma and/or death. Patients who are malnourished, have a history of alcoholism, and/or advanced liver disease may be more susceptible to adverse effects of overly rapid hyponatremia correction. Avoid the concurrent use of vasopressin antagonists and hypertonic saline. In patients who are malnourished, have a history of alcoholism, and/or advanced liver disease, use slower rates of sodium correction.(1,2)
There are no moderate interactions for this drug.
Contraindications
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There are no contraindication contraindications for this drug.
There are no severe contraindications for this drug.
There are no moderate contraindications for this drug.
Adverse reactions
There is no enhanced messaging for this drug.
There are no severe adverse reactions for this drug.
There are no less severe adverse reactions for this drug.
Precautions
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ICD codes
No ICD codes are available for this drug.
Formulary status
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Last reviewed · Source: First Databank (FDB) drug data
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