Rifabutin (rifabutin)
Last reviewed · Source: First Databank (FDB) drug data
Overview
Rifabutin, a semisynthetic spiropiperidyl derivative of rifamycin S, is an ansamycin antibiotic that is an antimycobacterial agent.
Rifabutin, a semisynthetic spiropiperidyl derivative of rifamycin S, is an ansamycin antibiotic. The drug is active in vitro and in vivo against Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), including isolates obtained from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The MIC90 of rifabutin for susceptible MAC isolates is approximately 1 mcg/mL.
The drug also is active against most other mycobacteria, including M. leprae and M. tuberculosis; some rifampin-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are susceptible to rifabutin. Rifabutin has a spectrum of in vitro activity similar to that of rifampin against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.
The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. represents that the information provided in the accompanying monograph was formulated with a reasonable standard of care, and in conformity with professional standards in the field. Readers are advised that decisions regarding use of drugs are complex medical decisions requiring the independent, informed decision of an appropriate health care professional, and that the information contained in the monograph is provided for informational purposes only. The manufacturer's labeling should be consulted for more detailed information.
The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. does not endorse or recommend the use of any drug. The information contained in the monograph is not a substitute for medical care.
USES: This medication is used alone or with another medication to help prevent a certain serious infection (Mycobacterium avium complex-MAC). Rifabutin is known as a rifamycin antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.
This antibiotic treats and prevents only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.
Generic name: rifabutin
Pronunciation: (rye-fuh-BYOU-tin)
Reference product & biosimilars
No reference, biosimilar or interchangeable associated with this drug.
Today’s intelligence on Rifabutin
Indications
The following indications are listed for Rifabutin:
- Prevention Of Mycobacterium Avium Complex Disease
Also known as: Mac Complex Prophylaxis, Mac Infection Prophylaxis, Maic Prophylaxis, Mais Complex Prophylaxis, Mycobacterium Avium Complex Prophylaxis, Mycobacterium Avium-Intracellulare Complex Prophylaxis, Mycobacterium Avium-Intracellulare Prophylaxis, Mycobacterium, Mais Group Prophylaxis.
Dosing
Rifabutin concentrations reportedly are decreased in patients with impaired renal function as a result of decreased distribution and more rapid elimination of the drug. However, the clinical importance, if any, of this finding has not been determined, and the manufacturer currently makes no specific recommendations for modification of dosage in such patients.
Rifabutin is administered orally. Administration of rifabutin with a high-fat meal decreases the rate but not the extent of absorption. Therefore, the drug generally can be given orally without regard to meals.
No dosing information is available for this tab.
No dosing information is available for this tab.
Drug interactions
Rifabutin, like other rifamycins (e.g., rifampin) can induce hepatic microsomal enzymes which may result in drug interactions. Because of the structural similarity between rifampin and rifabutin and because rifampin is known to interact with numerous other drugs, rifabutin may be anticipated to have some effects on drugs known to be affected by rifampin (e.g., ketoconazole, cyclosporine, oral contraceptives). (See Drug Interactions in Rifampin 8:16.04.) In healthy individuals, rifabutin appears to induce hepatic microsomal enzymes to a lesser extent than rifampin, although the clinical relevance of this finding for drug interactions is not known.
There are no contraindication interactions for this drug.
There are no severe interactions for this drug.
There are no moderate interactions for this drug.
Contraindications
There is no enhanced messaging for this drug.
There are no contraindication contraindications for this drug.
There are no severe contraindications for this drug.
There are no moderate contraindications for this drug.
Adverse reactions
There is no enhanced messaging for this drug.
There are no severe adverse reactions for this drug.
There are no less severe adverse reactions for this drug.
Precautions
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Reproduction studies in rats and rabbits using rifabutin dosages up to 200 mg/kg daily (40 times the recommended human daily dosage) did not reveal evidence of teratogenicity. In rats receiving 200 mg/kg daily, decreased fetal viability occurred. An increase in fetal skeletal variants was observed in rats receiving rifabutin dosages of 40 mg/kg daily (8 times the recommended human daily dosage). In rabbits receiving rifabutin dosages of 80 mg/kg daily (16 times the recommended human daily dosage), maternotoxicity and an increase in fetal skeletal anomalies occurred. There are no adequate and controlled studies to date using rifabutin in pregnant women, and the drug should be used during pregnancy only when the potential benefits justify the possible risks to the fetus. The American Thoracic Society (ATS), US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) state that data are insufficient to date to recommend use of rifabutin in pregnant women.
It is not known whether rifabutin is distributed into human milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions to rifabutin in nursing infants, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the woman.
No enhanced messaging available.
ICD codes
No ICD codes are available for this drug.
Formulary status
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Last reviewed · Source: First Databank (FDB) drug data
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