Ticovac (tick-borne encephalitis vaccine)

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Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine is administered by intramuscular injection. It is available as a suspension for injection in single-dose prefilled syringes containing 0.25 or 0.5 mL of vaccine.

Store the vaccine at 2-8degreesC; keep the syringes in the outer carton to protect from light, and do not freeze. Bring the vaccine to room temperature before administration. Shake well prior to administration to thoroughly mix the vaccine suspension; after shaking, the vaccine should be a homogenous, off-white, opalescent suspension.

No dosing information is available for this tab.

There is no enhanced messaging for this drug.

Contraindicated Drug Combination: This drug combination is contraindicated and generally should not be dispensed or administered to the same patient.

Non-Live Or Non-Replicating Vaccines/Efalizumab

SEVERITY LEVEL: 1-Contraindicated Drug Combination: This drug combination is contraindicated and generally should not be dispensed or administered to the same patient.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: Efalizumab-induced immunosuppression may prevent proper immune response to the vaccine.(1)

CLINICAL EFFECTS: The use of vaccines in patients who have recently received efalizumab may be ineffective.(1)

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined.

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Patients should receive all appropriate immunizations prior to beginning efalizumab therapy. The use of vaccines in patients who have recently received efalizumab may be ineffective.(1) Patients who are vaccinated within the 14 days prior to initiating immunosuppressive therapy should be considered unvaccinated and should be revaccinated at least 3 months after immunosuppressive therapy is discontinued when immune competence is restored.(2)

DISCUSSION: In a small study with intravenous efalizumab, a single dose of 0.3 mg/kg of efalizumab given before primary immunization with a neoantigen decreased the secondary immune response, and a dose of 1 mg/kg almost completely ablated it. (This dose has comparable pharmacodynamic effects to the recommended subcutaneous dose of 1 mg/kg.) In chimpanzees treated with greater than 10 times the normal clinical exposure level of efalizumab, antibody responses were decreased following immunization with tetanus toxoid compared with untreated control animals.(1)

Non-Live, Non-Replicating Vaccine/Rebisufligene Etisparvovec

SEVERITY LEVEL: 1-Contraindicated Drug Combination: This drug combination is contraindicated and generally should not be dispensed or administered to the same patient.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: Rebisufligene etisparvovec therapy may decrease the effectiveness of vaccines. The mechanism is not known.(1)

CLINICAL EFFECTS: The expected serum antibody response may not be obtained.(1)

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined.

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: The US manufacturer of rebisufligene etisparvovec states that vaccines should be avoided 30 days prior to rebisufligene etisparvovec administration.(1)

DISCUSSION: Rebisufligene etisparvovec therapy may decrease the effectiveness of vaccines.(1)

Vaccines/Pariglasgene Brecaparvovec

SEVERITY LEVEL: 1-Contraindicated Drug Combination: This drug combination is contraindicated and generally should not be dispensed or administered to the same patient.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: Pariglasgene brecaparvovec therapy may decrease the effectiveness of vaccines. The mechanism is not known.(1)

CLINICAL EFFECTS: The expected serum antibody response may not be obtained.(1)

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined.

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: The US manufacturer of pariglasgene brecaparvovec states that vaccines should be avoided for 1 month prior to pariglasgene brecaparvovec administration.(1)

DISCUSSION: Pariglasgene brecaparvovec therapy may decrease the effectiveness of vaccines.(1)

Severe Interaction: Action is required to reduce the risk of severe adverse interaction.

Non-Live Or Non-Replicating Vaccines/Teplizumab

SEVERITY LEVEL: 2-Severe Interaction: Action is required to reduce the risk of severe adverse interaction.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: Teplizumab may cause lymphopenia and alter the immune system's response to vaccines.(1)

CLINICAL EFFECTS: Administration of a non-live vaccine within the 2 weeks prior to, during, or for 6 weeks following teplizumab therapy may result in decreased effectiveness of the vaccine.(1)

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined.

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Ideally, administer vaccines prior to initiating teplizumab therapy. The manufacturer of teplizumab states that non-live vaccines (e.g., inactivated or mRNA vaccines) are not recommended within the 2 weeks prior to, during, or for 6 weeks after stopping teplizumab therapy.(1) The immune response to non-live vaccines should be monitored in patients who receive teplizumab within these time frames. The Centers for Disease Control's (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) states that non-live vaccines should be used with caution in patients who are severely immunosuppressed. Patients who are vaccinated within the 14 days prior to initiating immunosuppressive therapy should be considered unvaccinated and should be revaccinated at least 3 months after immunosuppressive therapy is discontinued when immune competence is restored.(2) For COVID-19 vaccines, the CDC advises planning for vaccination at least 2 weeks before starting or resuming immunosuppressive therapy. Patients should be offered and given a COVID-19 vaccine even if the use and timing of immunosuppressive agents cannot be adjusted. The CDC states that an age-appropriate mRNA COVID-19 vaccine is preferred over the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine for the primary and booster doses for immunocompromised patients. All immunocompromised patients over 5 years of age should receive at least 1 booster dose if eligible. See the CDC's Interim Clinical Considerations for Use of COVID-19 Vaccines for age- and product-specific recommendations.(3)

DISCUSSION: Vaccinations may be less effective if administered within 2 weeks before, during, and for 6 weeks following teplizumab therapy.(1)

Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed.

Non-Live Or Non-Rep Vaccines/Systemic Corticosteroids; Acth

SEVERITY LEVEL: 3-Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: Corticosteroids and corticotropin suppress the immune system and may alter the immune system's response to vaccines.(1)

CLINICAL EFFECTS: Vaccines administered during or within 2 weeks prior to therapy with corticosteroids or corticotropin may result in decreased effectiveness of the vaccine.(1)

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Patients receiving immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids or corticotropin for equal to or greater than 14 consecutive days.(1)

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: The Centers for Disease Control's (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) states that non-live vaccines should be used with caution in patients who are severely immunosuppressed, including those who are receiving or have received high-dose, systemic steroids for greater than or equal to 14 consecutive days. When initiating immunosuppressives doses of corticosteroids, wait 2 weeks after a non-live vaccines is administered. However, if patients require therapy for chronic inflammatory conditions, do not delay therapy due to past vaccines.(1) The immune response to non-live vaccines should be monitored in patients receiving corticosteroids. Vaccinations given during corticosteroid therapy may need to be repeated.(1) Patients who are vaccinated within the 14 days prior to initiating immunosuppressive therapy should be considered unvaccinated and should be revaccinated at least 3 months after immunosuppressive therapy is discontinued when immune competence is restored.(1)

DISCUSSION: Vaccinations given during and within 2 weeks prior to corticosteroid therapy may be less effective. However they are considered safe to administer.(1) Many clinicians consider a dose equivalent to either 2 mg/kg of body weight or a total of 20 mg/day of prednisone as sufficiently immunosuppressive to raise safety concerns about live-virus vaccines.(1) Immunization procedures may be undertaken in patients receiving corticosteroids when the therapy is short term (less than 2 weeks); low to moderate dose; long-term, alternate-day treatment with short-acting preparations; maintenance physiologic doses (replacement therapy); or administered topically (skin or eyes), by aerosol, or by intra-articular, bursal, or tendon injection.(1)

Non-Live Or Non-Replicating Vaccines/Etrasimod

SEVERITY LEVEL: 3-Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: Etrasimod is an immunosuppressant and may alter the immune system's response to vaccines.(1)

CLINICAL EFFECTS: Administration of a vaccine during and for up to 5 weeks after discontinuation of etrasimod therapy may result in decreased effectiveness of the vaccine. Etrasimod treatment should be paused 5 weeks prior and for 4 weeks after vaccination.(1)

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined.

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Ideally, administer vaccines prior to initiating etrasimod therapy. The immune response to non-live vaccines should be monitored in patients receiving etrasimod or who have received etrasimod in the previous 5 weeks. Vaccinations given during and for up to 5 weeks after discontinuation of etrasimod therapy may need to be repeated.(1) The Centers for Disease Control's (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) states that non-live vaccines should be used with caution in patients who are severely immunosuppressed. Patients who are vaccinated within the 14 days prior to initiating immunosuppressive therapy should be considered unvaccinated and should be revaccinated at least 3 months after immunosuppressive therapy is discontinued when immune competence is restored.(2)

DISCUSSION: Vaccinations may be less effective if administered during and for up to 5 weeks after etrasimod treatment.(1) However they are considered safe to administer.

Non-Live Or Non-Replicating Vaccines/Fingolimod

SEVERITY LEVEL: 3-Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: Fingolimod is an immunosuppressant and may alter the immune system's response to vaccines.(1)

CLINICAL EFFECTS: Administration of a vaccine during and for 2 months following fingolimod therapy may result in decreased effectiveness of the vaccine.(1,2)

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined.

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Ideally, administer vaccines prior to initiating fingolimod therapy. The immune response to non-live vaccines should be monitored in patients receiving fingolimod or who have received fingolimod in the previous two months. Vaccinations given during and for 2 months after stopping fingolimod therapy may need to be repeated.(1,2) The Centers for Disease Control's (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) states that non-live vaccines should be used with caution in patients who are severely immunosuppressed. Patients who are vaccinated within the 14 days prior to initiating immunosuppressive therapy should be considered unvaccinated and should be revaccinated at least 3 months after immunosuppressive therapy is discontinued when immune competence is restored.(3)

DISCUSSION: Vaccinations may be less effective during and for 2 months following fingolimod therapy(1) however they are considered safe to administer.(2)

Non-Live Or Non-Replicating Vaccines/Ocrelizumab

SEVERITY LEVEL: 3-Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: Ocrelizumab is an immunosuppressant and may alter the immune system's response to vaccines.(1)

CLINICAL EFFECTS: Administration of a non-live vaccine within 2 weeks before or during ocrelizumab therapy may result in decreased effectiveness of the vaccine. If possible, non-live vaccines should be administered at least two weeks prior to initiating ocrelizumab therapy.(1)

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined.

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Ideally, administer non-live vaccines at least two weeks prior to initiating ocrelizumab therapy. The immune response to non-live vaccines should be monitored in patients receiving ocrelizumab. Vaccinations given during ocrelizumab therapy may need to be repeated.(1) Patients who are vaccinated within the 14 days prior to initiating immunosuppressive therapy should be considered unvaccinated and should be revaccinated at least 3 months after immunosuppressive therapy is discontinued when immune competence is restored.(2)

DISCUSSION: Vaccinations may be less effective if administered within 2 weeks before or during ocrelizumab treatment.(1)

Non-Live Or Non-Replicating Vaccines/Ozanimod

SEVERITY LEVEL: 3-Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: Ozanimod is an immunosuppressant and may alter the immune system's response to vaccines.(1)

CLINICAL EFFECTS: Administration of a vaccine during and for up to 3 months after discontinuation of ozanimod therapy may result in decreased effectiveness of the vaccine. Ozanimod treatment should be paused 3 months prior and for 1 month after vaccination.(1)

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined.

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Ideally, administer vaccines prior to initiating ozanimod therapy. The immune response to non-live vaccines should be monitored in patients receiving ozanimod or who have received ozanimod in the previous 3 months. Vaccinations given during and for up to 3 months after discontinuation of ozanimod therapy may need to be repeated.(1) The Centers for Disease Control's (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) states that non-live vaccines should be used with caution in patients who are severely immunosuppressed. Patients who are vaccinated within the 14 days prior to initiating immunosuppressive therapy should be considered unvaccinated and should be revaccinated at least 3 months after immunosuppressive therapy is discontinued when immune competence is restored.(2)

DISCUSSION: Vaccinations may be less effective if administered during and for up to 3 months after ozanimod treatment.(1) However they are considered safe to administer.

Non-Live Or Non-Replicating Vaccines/Ponesimod

SEVERITY LEVEL: 3-Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: Ponesimod is an immunosuppressant and may alter the immune system's response to vaccines.(1)

CLINICAL EFFECTS: Administration of a vaccine during and for up to 2 weeks after discontinuation of ponesimod therapy may result in decreased effectiveness of the vaccine. Ponesimod treatment should be paused 1-2 weeks prior and for 4 weeks after vaccination.(1)

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined.

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Ideally, administer vaccines prior to initiating ponesimod therapy. The immune response to non-live vaccines should be monitored in patients receiving ponesimod or who have received ponesimod in the previous 2 weeks. Vaccinations given during and for up to 2 weeks after discontinuation of ponesimod therapy may need to be repeated.(1) The Centers for Disease Control's (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) states that non-live vaccines should be used with caution in patients who are severely immunosuppressed. Patients who are vaccinated within the 14 days prior to initiating immunosuppressive therapy should be considered unvaccinated and should be revaccinated at least 3 months after immunosuppressive therapy is discontinued when immune competence is restored.(2)

DISCUSSION: Vaccinations may be less effective if administered during and for up to 2 weeks after ponesimod treatment.(1) However they are considered safe to administer.

Non-Live Or Non-Replicating Vaccines/Satralizumab

SEVERITY LEVEL: 3-Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: Satralizumab is an immunosuppressant and may alter the immune system's response to vaccines.(1)

CLINICAL EFFECTS: Administration of a vaccine during satralizumab therapy may result in decreased effectiveness of the vaccine. If possible, non-live vaccines should be administered at least two weeks prior to initiation of satralizumab.(1)

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined.

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Ideally, administer vaccines two weeks prior to initiating satralizumab therapy. The immune response to non-live vaccines should be monitored in patients receiving satralizumab. Vaccinations given during satralizumab therapy may need to be repeated.(1) Patients who are vaccinated within the 14 days prior to initiating immunosuppressive therapy should be considered unvaccinated and should be revaccinated at least 3 months after immunosuppressive therapy is discontinued when immune competence is restored.(2)

DISCUSSION: Vaccinations may be less effective if administered during satralizumab treatment.(1)

Non-Live Or Non-Replicating Vaccines/Siponimod

SEVERITY LEVEL: 3-Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: Siponimod is an immunosuppressant and may alter the immune system's response to vaccines.(2)

CLINICAL EFFECTS: Administration of a vaccine during and for up to 1 month after discontinuation of siponimod therapy may result in decreased effectiveness of the vaccine. Siponimod treatment should be paused 1 week prior and for 4 weeks after vaccination.(2)

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined.

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Ideally, administer vaccines prior to initiating siponimod therapy. The immune response to non-live vaccines should be monitored in patients receiving siponimod or who have received siponimod in the previous week. Vaccinations given during and for up to 1 month after discontinuation of siponimod therapy may need to be repeated.(2) The Centers for Disease Control's (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) states that non-live vaccines should be used with caution in patients who are severely immunosuppressed. Patients who are vaccinated within the 14 days prior to initiating immunosuppressive therapy should be considered unvaccinated and should be revaccinated at least 3 months after immunosuppressive therapy is discontinued when immune competence is restored.(3)

DISCUSSION: Vaccinations may be less effective if administered during and for up to 1 month after siponimod treatment(2) however they are considered safe to administer.(1)

Non-Live Or Non-Replicating Vaccines/Ublituximab

SEVERITY LEVEL: 3-Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: Ublituximab is an immunosuppressant and may alter the immune system's response to vaccines.(1)

CLINICAL EFFECTS: Administration of a non-live vaccine within 2 weeks before or during ublituximab therapy may result in decreased effectiveness of the vaccine. If possible, non-live vaccines should be administered at least two weeks prior to initiating ublituximab therapy.(1)

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined.

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Ideally, administer non-live vaccines at least two weeks prior to initiating ublituximab therapy. The immune response to non-live vaccines should be monitored in patients receiving ublituximab. Vaccinations given during ublituximab therapy may need to be repeated.(1) Patients who are vaccinated within the 14 days prior to initiating immunosuppressive therapy should be considered unvaccinated and should be revaccinated at least 3 months after immunosuppressive therapy is discontinued when immune competence is restored.(2)

DISCUSSION: Vaccinations may be less effective if administered within 2 weeks before or during ublituximab treatment.(1)

Non-Live Or Nonreplicating Vaccine/Vusolimogene Oderparepvec

SEVERITY LEVEL: 3-Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: The interaction potential of non-live or non-replicating vaccines with vusolimogene oderparepvec is unknown.

CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent administration of non-live or non-replicating vaccines with vusolimogene oderparepvec may alter the effectiveness or toxicities of either agent.

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined.

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: The manufacturer of vusolimogene oderparepvec states that non-live and non-replicating vaccines should ideally be delayed until the current course of vusolimogene oderparepvec therapy is completed. If vaccination is required during treatment, separate administration of the vaccine and vusolimogene oderparepvec by at least 14 days.(2) Patients should be advised that their cancer gene therapy may be delayed due to administration of vaccines.(3)

DISCUSSION: The concomitant use of non-live or non-replicating vaccines and vusolimogene oderparepvec has not been evaluated. The manufacturer's recommendation is intended to minimize potential interactions and confounding factors in the safety assessments of vaccines and vusolimogene oderparepvec therapy.(2)

Vaccines/Hepatitis B Vaccine (Fendrix)

SEVERITY LEVEL: 3-Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: No data is available on the concurrent administration of the hepatitis B vaccine Fendrix and other vaccines.(1)

CLINICAL EFFECTS: It is unknown if concurrent administration of the hepatitis B vaccine Fendrix and other vaccines will affect the efficacy of either vaccine.(1)

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined.

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: The Swedish manufacturer of Fendrix states that since there is no data available for the concurrent administration of Fendrix with other vaccines, the administration of Fendrix and other vaccines should be separated by 2 to 3 weeks.(1)

DISCUSSION: No data is available on the concurrent administration of the hepatitis B vaccine Fendrix with other vaccines.(1)

*Severe allergic reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis) to any component of the formulation.

There are no contraindication contraindications for this drug.

• Immunosuppression

There are no moderate contraindications for this drug.

In studies of tick-borne encephalitis vaccine in children and adolescents 1-15 years of age, the most common adverse effects were local tenderness, local pain, headache, fever, and restlessness.

In studies of tick-borne encephalitis vaccine in adolescents and adults 16-65 years of age, the most common adverse effects were local tenderness, local pain, fatigue, headache, and muscle pain.

Rare or Very Rare

• Anaphylaxis
• Guillain-barre syndrome
• Herpes zoster
• Hypersensitivity drug reaction
• Seizure disorder

More Frequent

• Arthralgia
• Fatigue
• Headache disorder
• Injection site sequelae
• Malaise
• Myalgia
• Nausea

Less Frequent

• Fever
• Lymphadenopathy
• Vomiting

Rare or Very Rare

• Acute abdominal pain
• Back pain
• Chills
• Diarrhea
• Dizziness
• Drowsy
• Dyspnea
• Edema
• Erythema
• Facial palsy
• Flu-like symptoms
• Gait abnormality
• General weakness
• Hyperhidrosis
• Hypoesthesia
• Muscle rigidity
• Myelitis
• Neck pain
• Neuralgia
• Non-infective meningitis
• Ocular pain
• Optic neuritis
• Pain
• Paresthesia
• Photophobia
• Polyneuropathy
• Pruritus of skin
• Skin inflammation
• Tinnitus
• Urticaria
• Vertigo
• Vision impairment

No enhanced messaging available.

Safety and effectiveness of tick-borne encephalitis vaccine have been established in pediatric patients >=1 year of age; safety and effectiveness have not been established in patients <1 year of age.

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of tick-borne encephalitis vaccine in pregnant women. Available human data are insufficient to establish the presence or absence of vaccine-associated risk during pregnancy, and animal studies have not been conducted. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that tick-borne encephalitis can pose a risk for severe illness in pregnant persons; therefore, the benefits of vaccinating pregnant persons when the likelihood of infection is high are likely to outweigh the potential risks.

It is unknown whether tick-borne encephalitis vaccine is present in human breast milk; its effects on the breast-fed child or on milk production are also unknown. Consider the developmental and health benefits of breast-feeding along with the mother's clinical need for vaccination and any potential adverse effects on the breast-fed child from the vaccine or from the underlying maternal condition (i.e., susceptibility to tick-borne encephalitis).

The manufacturer makes no specific dosage recommendations for geriatric patients.

Clinical studies of tick-borne encephalitis vaccine did not include sufficient numbers of patients >=65 years of age to determine whether they respond differently from younger patients. Based on limited data, response to the tick-borne encephalitis vaccine may be reduced among patients >=50 years of age, especially those >=65 years of age.