Ipratropium Bromide (ipratropium bromide)
Last reviewed · Source: First Databank (FDB) drug data
Overview
Ipratropium bromide is a synthetic quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent.
Ipratropium bromide is a synthetic quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent that is chemically related to atropine. When applied locally, ipratropium inhibits secretions from serous and seromucous glands lining the nasal mucosa. Ipratropium nasal spray has not produced appreciable changes in pupillary diameter, heart rate, or blood pressure in children or adults and does not alter physiologic nasal functions such as sense of smell, ciliary beat frequency, mucociliary clearance, or air conditioning capacity of nose.
Ipratropium bromide is poorly absorbed into the systemic circulation following oral administration. Less than 20% of an 84 mcg per nostril dose is absorbed from the nasal mucosa. Ipratropium minimally crosses the nasal and GI membrane and the blood-brain barrier, reducing systemic anticholinergic effects associated with tertiary anticholinergic amines.
Ipratropium is partially metabolized to inactive ester hydrolysis products (tropic acid and tropane). Plasma protein binding (to albumin and alpha1-acid glycoprotein) is minimal (0-9%). The terminal half-life following IV administration was approximately 1.6 hours; approximately 50% of the administered dose was excreted unchanged in the urine within 24 hours.
Gender does not appear to affect the absorption or excretion of intranasal ipratropium.
USES: Ipratropium is used to treat a runny nose caused by the common cold or seasonal allergies. It works by reducing the amount of fluid/mucus released from inside your nose. This medication does not relieve symptoms of stuffy nose or sneezing.
Generic name: ipratropium bromide
Pronunciation: (IP-ra-TROE-pee-um)
Reference product & biosimilars
No reference, biosimilar or interchangeable associated with this drug.
Today’s intelligence on Ipratropium Bromide
Indications
The following indications are listed for Ipratropium Bromide:
- Chronic Non-Allergic Rhinitis
- Perennial Allergic Rhinitis
- Rhinorrhea
Also known as: Atopic Rhinitis, Chronic Nonallergic Rhinitis, Non-Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis.
Dosing
Ipratropium bromide 0.03% nasal spray delivers 21 mcg of ipratropium bromide per spray and about 345 sprays per bottle.
Ipratropium bromide 0.06% nasal spray delivers 42 mcg of ipratropium bromide per spray and about 165 sprays per bottle.
Ipratropium bromide is administered intranasally. The drug is commercially available as a 0.03% or 0.06% solution that is administered via a metered-dose manual pump spray unit.
Prime the pump prior to the first dose with 7 sprays. If used regularly as recommended, no further priming is required. If not used for more than 24 hours, reprime with 2 sprays; if not used for more than 7 days, reprime with 7 sprays. Avoid spraying into eyes.
Store ipratropium bromide nasal spray at 20-25degreesC; do not freeze. Keep out of reach of children.
No dosing information is available for this tab.
No dosing information is available for this tab.
Drug interactions
No specific studies have been conducted to evaluate the drug interaction potential of ipratropium. Limited systemic absorption of intranasal ipratropium minimizes the potential for interactions with systemically administered drugs.
There are no contraindication interactions for this drug.
There are no severe interactions for this drug.
There are no moderate interactions for this drug.
Contraindications
*Known hypersensitivity to ipratropium or any ingredient in the formulation, or to atropine or its derivatives.
There are no contraindication contraindications for this drug.
There are no severe contraindications for this drug.
There are no moderate contraindications for this drug.
Adverse reactions
The most common adverse effects reported in >=4% of patients receiving ipratropium bromide nasal spray include headache, upper respiratory tract infection, epistaxis, pharyngitis, nasal dryness, dry mouth/throat.
There are no severe adverse reactions for this drug.
There are no less severe adverse reactions for this drug.
Precautions
No enhanced messaging available.
The safety of ipratropium bromide 0.03% or 0.06% nasal spray has been established based on studies in children.
The effectiveness of ipratropium bromide 0.03% or 0.06% nasal spray for the treatment of rhinorrhea associated with the common cold and seasonal allergic rhinitis or rhinorrhea associated with allergic and nonallergic perennial rhinitis in pediatric patients is based on an extrapolation of data from adults and/or adolescents with these conditions and the likelihood that the disease course, pathophysiology, and the drug's effects are substantially similar to that of adults. The recommended dose in pediatric patients is based on comparisons of efficacy and safety in both adult and pediatric patients.
The safety and effectiveness of ipratropium bromide 0.03% nasal spray in pediatric patients younger than 6 years of age have not been established.
The safety and effectiveness of ipratropium bromide 0.06% nasal spray in pediatric patients younger than 5 years of age have not been established.
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies evaluating the use of ipratropium bromide in pregnant women. Animal reproduction studies have not demonstrated evidence of teratogenic effects when ipratropium bromide was administered orally or via inhalation to pregnant rats and rabbits at relevant human doses. The manufacturers state that ipratropium nasal spray should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.
The effect of ipratropium bromide on labor and delivery is unknown.
Ipratropium bromide is systemically absorbed following nasal administration; however, the portion which may be excreted in human milk is unknown. Because lipid-insoluble quaternary cations such as ipratropium pass into breast milk, caution is advised when the drug is used in nursing patients.
The pharmacokinetics of ipratropium have not been studied in geriatric patients.
ICD codes
No ICD codes are available for this drug.
Formulary status
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Last reviewed · Source: First Databank (FDB) drug data
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