Adrenal cortex carcinoma

Adrenal cortex carcinoma, commonly referred to as adrenocortical carcinoma, is a rare and aggressive endocrine malignancy originating in the outer layer of the adrenal gland

Adrenal cortex carcinoma, commonly referred to as adrenocortical carcinoma, is a rare and aggressive endocrine malignancy originating in the outer layer of the adrenal gland It can affect both pediatric and adult populations, often exhibiting a bimodal age distribution peaking in early childhood and again in the fourth to fifth decades of life Pathophysiologically, the tumor arises from steroidogenic adrenocortical cells and may present as nonfunctional or functional Functional tumors hypersecre...

Pathophysiologically, the tumor arises from steroidogenic adrenocortical cells and may present as nonfunctional or functional Functional tumors hypersecrete adrenal steroids—most commonly cortisol, androgens, or aldosterone—leading to endocrine syndromes such as Cushing syndrome, virilization, or refractory hypertension

Functional tumors hypersecrete adrenal steroids—most commonly cortisol, androgens, or aldosterone—leading to endocrine syndromes such as Cushing syndrome, virilization, or refractory hypertension Nonfunctional variants typically manifest late with abdominal mass effect, localized pain, or incidental retroperitoneal imaging findings, and carry a pronounced risk of local invasion and distant metastasis

Nonfunctional variants typically manifest late with abdominal mass effect, localized pain, or incidental retroperitoneal imaging findings, and carry a pronounced risk of local invasion and distant metastasis