Gardnerella vaginalis bacterial vaginosis

Gardnerella vaginalis bacterial vaginosis is a lower genital tract dysbiosis primarily affecting females of reproductive age, characterized by an overgrowth of the facultative anaerobe *Gardnerella vaginalis* alongside other polymicrobial anaerobes Pathophysiologically, this proliferation displaces protective, lactic acid–producing *Lactobacillus* species, disrupting normal mucosal defenses and facilitating the formation of an adherent polymicrobial biofilm on the vaginal epithelium Clinically, ...

Gardnerella vaginalis bacterial vaginosis is a lower genital tract dysbiosis primarily affecting females of reproductive age, characterized by an overgrowth of the facultative anaerobe *Gardnerella vaginalis* alongside other polymicrobial anaerobes Pathophysiologically, this proliferation displaces protective, lactic acid–producing *Lactobacillus* species, disrupting normal mucosal defenses and facilitating the formation of an adherent polymicrobial biofilm on the vaginal epithelium Clinically, ...

Gardnerella vaginalis bacterial vaginosis is a lower genital tract dysbiosis primarily affecting females of reproductive age, characterized by an overgrowth of the facultative anaerobe *Gardnerella vaginalis* alongside other polymicrobial anaerobes Left unmanaged, the disruption in the vaginal microenvironment increases susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections and elevates the risk of adverse obstetric and gynecologic complications, such as preterm labor and pelvic inflammatory disease

Pathophysiologically, this proliferation displaces protective, lactic acid–producing *Lactobacillus* species, disrupting normal mucosal defenses and facilitating the formation of an adherent polymicrobial biofilm on the vaginal epithelium

Clinically, the condition typically presents with an elevated vaginal pH, a thin, homogeneous, grayish-white discharge, a characteristic amine or fish-like odor, and microscopic clue cells, though a substantial portion of affected individuals remain asymptomatic