Low grade glioma with BRAF fusion or mutation

Low-grade glioma with BRAF fusion or mutation refers to a biologically distinct subgroup of slow-growing central nervous system neoplasms, most commonly diagnosed in pediatric and young adult populations These World Health Organization grade 1 and 2 tumors—predominantly including pilocytic astrocytomas, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas, and gangliogliomas—frequently arise in the cerebellum, optic pathways, or cerebral hemispheres Pathophysiologically, they are defined by hyperactivation of the mit...

Low-grade glioma with BRAF fusion or mutation refers to a biologically distinct subgroup of slow-growing central nervous system neoplasms, most commonly diagnosed in pediatric and young adult populations

These World Health Organization grade 1 and 2 tumors—predominantly including pilocytic astrocytomas, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas, and gangliogliomas—frequently arise in the cerebellum, optic pathways, or cerebral hemispheres Pathophysiologically, they are defined by hyperactivation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK/ERK) signaling pathway driven by structural rearrangements (most frequently *KIAA1549::BRAF* gene fusions) or activating point mutations (such as *BRAF* V600E), promoti...

These World Health Organization grade 1 and 2 tumors—predominantly including pilocytic astrocytomas, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas, and gangliogliomas—frequently arise in the cerebellum, optic pathways, or cerebral hemispheres

Clinically, these tumors can cause focal neurological deficits, visual disturbances, increased intracranial pressure, or seizures, often exhibiting a protracted, relapsing clinical course when complete surgical resection cannot be achieved

Clinically, these tumors can cause focal neurological deficits, visual disturbances, increased intracranial pressure, or seizures, often exhibiting a protracted, relapsing clinical course when complete surgical resection cannot be achieved