Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibodies

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibodies is a severe, relapsing autoimmune astrocytopathy of the central nervous system that predominantly targets the optic nerves, spinal cord, and brainstem Clinically, affected individuals experience recurrent neuroinflammatory attacks characterized by severe optic neuritis, longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, and area postrema syndrome presenting with intractable nausea and hiccups, which frequently lead to cumu...

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibodies is a severe, relapsing autoimmune astrocytopathy of the central nervous system that predominantly targets the optic nerves, spinal cord, and brainstem Pathophysiologically, circulating immunoglobulin G autoantibodies bind to aquaporin-4 water channels on astrocyte end-feet, triggering complement-mediated inflammation, secondary demyelination, and neuronal death

Pathophysiologically, circulating immunoglobulin G autoantibodies bind to aquaporin-4 water channels on astrocyte end-feet, triggering complement-mediated inflammation, secondary demyelination, and neuronal death

Pathophysiologically, circulating immunoglobulin G autoantibodies bind to aquaporin-4 water channels on astrocyte end-feet, triggering complement-mediated inflammation, secondary demyelination, and neuronal death Clinically, affected individuals experience recurrent neuroinflammatory attacks characterized by severe optic neuritis, longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, and area postrema syndrome presenting with intractable nausea and hiccups, which frequently lead to cumulative, permanent...

Clinically, affected individuals experience recurrent neuroinflammatory attacks characterized by severe optic neuritis, longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, and area postrema syndrome presenting with intractable nausea and hiccups, which frequently lead to cumulative, permanent visual and motor disabilities

Clinically, affected individuals experience recurrent neuroinflammatory attacks characterized by severe optic neuritis, longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, and area postrema syndrome presenting with intractable nausea and hiccups, which frequently lead to cumulative, permanent visual and motor disabilities