Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia is an aggressive hematologic malignancy characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation and accumulation of immature B-cell precursor lymphoblasts in the bone marrow and peripheral blood It affects both pediatric and adult populations, disrupting normal hematopoiesis and frequently presenting with symptoms of bone marrow failure such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, recurrent infections, and hepatosplenomegaly Pathophysiologically,...

Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia is an aggressive hematologic malignancy characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation and accumulation of immature B-cell precursor lymphoblasts in the bone marrow and peripheral blood

It affects both pediatric and adult populations, disrupting normal hematopoiesis and frequently presenting with symptoms of bone marrow failure such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, recurrent infections, and hepatosplenomegaly

Pathophysiologically, it is defined by immunophenotypic evidence of B-lineage commitment—typically expressing markers such as CD19, CD10, or CD22—alongside the cytogenetic and molecular absence of the reciprocal t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) translocation and its resulting *BCR::ABL1* fusion oncogene

Pathophysiologically, it is defined by immunophenotypic evidence of B-lineage commitment—typically expressing markers such as CD19, CD10, or CD22—alongside the cytogenetic and molecular absence of the reciprocal t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) translocation and its resulting *BCR::ABL1* fusion oncogene