Postmenopausal urethral atrophy

Postmenopausal urethral atrophy is a lower urinary tract manifestation of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), caused by declining circulating estrogen levels following menopause Clinically, affected postmenopausal women present with irritative urinary symptoms, including dysuria, frequency, urgency, urge or stress urinary incontinence, and an increased susceptibility to recurrent urinary tract infections

Postmenopausal urethral atrophy is a lower urinary tract manifestation of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), caused by declining circulating estrogen levels following menopause Due to shared embryologic origins with the vaginal epithelium, the female urethra is rich in estrogen receptors; estrogen deficiency leads to cellular thinning of the mucosal lining, loss of vascularity, reduced collagen elasticity, and impairment of the urethral mucosal seal Clinically, affected postmenopausal wo...

Due to shared embryologic origins with the vaginal epithelium, the female urethra is rich in estrogen receptors; estrogen deficiency leads to cellular thinning of the mucosal lining, loss of vascularity, reduced collagen elasticity, and impairment of the urethral mucosal seal