Refractory oropharyngeal candidiasis

Refractory oropharyngeal candidiasis is a persistent or recurrent fungal infection of the oral and pharyngeal mucosa that fails to respond clinically to standard first-line antifungal therapy, typically oral fluconazole or itraconazole Most commonly affecting severely immunocompromised populations—such as individuals with advanced HIV/AIDS, hematologic malignancies, or profound chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression—the condition is typically caused by *Candida albicans* or non-*albicans Candida...

Refractory oropharyngeal candidiasis is a persistent or recurrent fungal infection of the oral and pharyngeal mucosa that fails to respond clinically to standard first-line antifungal therapy, typically oral fluconazole or itraconazole Most commonly affecting severely immunocompromised populations—such as individuals with advanced HIV/AIDS, hematologic malignancies, or profound chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression—the condition is typically caused by *Candida albicans* or non-*albicans Candida...

Most commonly affecting severely immunocompromised populations—such as individuals with advanced HIV/AIDS, hematologic malignancies, or profound chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression—the condition is typically caused by *Candida albicans* or non-*albicans Candida* species demonstrating intrinsic or acquired antifungal resistance Clinically, it presents with painful, persistent erythema or pseudomembranous white mucosal plaques that can lead to severe dysgeusia, odynophagia, and impaired oral in...

Clinically, it presents with painful, persistent erythema or pseudomembranous white mucosal plaques that can lead to severe dysgeusia, odynophagia, and impaired oral intake, necessitating alternative systemic antifungal management