Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal

Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal is a malignant epithelial neoplasm arising from the mucosal lining of the lower gastrointestinal tract between the anorectal junction and the anal verge It represents the vast majority of primary anal malignancies, predominantly driven by high-risk oncogenic human papillomavirus infection—particularly types 16 and 18—with elevated risk among individuals who are immunocompromised, living with HIV, or active smokers Pathophysiologically, persistent viral o...

Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal is a malignant epithelial neoplasm arising from the mucosal lining of the lower gastrointestinal tract between the anorectal junction and the anal verge

Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal is a malignant epithelial neoplasm arising from the mucosal lining of the lower gastrointestinal tract between the anorectal junction and the anal verge

It represents the vast majority of primary anal malignancies, predominantly driven by high-risk oncogenic human papillomavirus infection—particularly types 16 and 18—with elevated risk among individuals who are immunocompromised, living with HIV, or active smokers Pathophysiologically, persistent viral oncoprotein activity leads to dysplastic squamous changes that progress into invasive carcinoma, commonly manifesting clinically with rectal bleeding, anal pain, a palpable mass, pruritus, or alte...