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Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of respiratory illness in young children, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality and placing a substantial burden on resource-limited healthcare systems. Molecular epidemiological data from sub-Saharan Africa remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and evolution of RSV in a paediatric population in Cape Town, South Africa, from September 2020 to June 2024. Methods Respiratory syncytial...
Respiratory
Maseko MJ, Joseph R, Korsman SNJ, Valley-Omar Z, Hsiao NY•
Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) has been approved for use in patients who are at high risk for severe acute COVID-19 illness. Evidence regarding whether acute use of Paxlovid protects against Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), or Long COVID, is mixed in high-risk patients and lacking in low-risk patients. With a target trial emulation framework, we evaluated the association of Paxlovid treatment within 5 days of SARS-CoV-2 infection with incident Long COVID and hospitalization...
Paxlovid
Chengxi Zang, Haoyang Li, Dhruv Khullar, Yongkang Zhang, Stephenson Strobel, Yong Chen, Marc A. Sala, Payal Bharat Patel, Alejandro P. Comellas, Andrew Wylam, Mark Weiner, Chris B. Forrest, Thomas Carton, Fei Wang, Rainu Kaushal, on behalf of the RECOVER Consortium•
Background: Nutrition plays a crucial role in oral health, influencing the risk of caries, periodontal disease, erosion, and oral cancers. Dentists are key providers of dietary guidance, but require adequate knowledge to do this effectively. This study compared the impact of multimedia versus audio-based educational interventions on the knowledge and self-reported behavior of general dentists in Tehran regarding nutrition and oral health. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 166 general...
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 2 (PRRSV-2) is a major swine pathogen that causes substantial economic losses worldwide. Defective viral genomes (DVGs) are important regulators of viral replication, persistence, and evolution in many RNA viruses. However, the characteristics and functions of DVGs generated during PRRSV-2 infection remain unknown. Here, we systematically analyzed publicly available high-throughput sequencing datasets and characterized DVGs generated durin...
Diet quality plays an important role in the management of non-communicable diseases, including hypertension. A better understanding of dietary profiles in high-altitude populations with hypertension could help improve the effectiveness of interventions. We aimed to characterize diet quality and its association with blood pressure among adults with hypertension living at high-altitude. Cross-sectional study of baseline data from an ongoing trial in Puno, Peru. We enrolled 154 adults with hyperten...
Blood Pressure
Carla Tarazona-Meza, Mika Matsuzaki, Kendra N. Williams, Laura E. Caulfield, Sabri Bromage, Lucy Cordova-Ascona, Lindsay J. Underhill, Lisa de las Fuentes, Gonzalo M. Cuentas-Canal, Zoila Vela-Clavo, Marilú Chiang, Elvin H. Geng, Victor G. Dávila-Román, Stella M. Hartinger, William Checkley•
Bullying victimization is an important public health concern that has been linked to adverse psychological outcomes among adolescents. The study used mental health well-being data collected in the most recent Bangladesh Adolescent Health and Wellbeing Survey (2019–2020) (BAHWS). A total of 9,116 adolescents aged 15–19 years with complete depression data were included in the analysis. A three-level linear mixed-effects model was employed to account for the hierarchical structure of the survey, wi...
This study aimed to investigate climate-sensitive temporal patterns associated with premature mortality due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a large subtropical city in southern Brazil. Daily premature mortality records (ages 30–69) from 2010 to 2019 were analyzed together with meteorological data, including temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, wind, and solar radiation, as well as temporally aggregate...
Cardiovascular
Noélia de Moraes Aguirre Carnasciali, Fábio Teodoro de Souza, Demian da Silveira Barcellos•
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