Adrenalin Chloride (epinephrine HCl)
Last reviewed · Source: First Databank (FDB) drug data
Overview
Epinephrine, an endogenous catecholamine that is the active principle of the adrenal medulla, is a vasoconstrictor.
Epinephrine is used locally to control superficial bleeding from arterioles and capillaries in the skin and mucous membranes of the eye, nose, mouth, throat or larynx, mainly during surgery. Bleeding from larger vessels is not controllable by topical application of epinephrine. The drug is especially useful in dental surgery.
Generic name: epinephrine HCl
Reference product & biosimilars
No reference, biosimilar or interchangeable associated with this drug.
Today’s intelligence on Adrenalin Chloride
Indications
No indications are available for this drug.
Dosing
Dosage of epinephrine hydrochloride is expressed in terms of epinephrine.
As a vasoconstrictor to control bleeding in the mucosa or to produce nasal decongestion, a 0.1% (1:1000) solution of epinephrine is applied topically as drops or spray to mucosa as required. To control bleeding during ocular surgery or to produce conjunctival decongestion, 1 or more drops of a 0.1% (1:1000) solution of epinephrine (no longer commercially available in the US) has been applied topically to the conjunctiva 1-3 times or as necessary. To control ocular bleeding, the drug may be injected into the anterior chamber of the eye or subconjunctivally in concentrations of 0.01% (1:10,000) to 0.1% (1:1000). As a topical hemostatic, solutions containing epinephrine in concentrations of 0.002% (1:50,000) to 0.1% (1:1000) may be sprayed or applied with cotton or gauze to the skin, mucous membranes, or other tissues. In one study, 4 mL of a 0.0005% (1:200,000) solution of epinephrine was infiltrated into the buccal and labial vestibules of the maxilla and mandible in each quadrant as a hemostatic in oral surgery.
For use with local anesthetics, epinephrine may be used in concentrations of 0.0005% (1:200,000) to 0.002% (1:50,000).
Epinephrine solutions are applied topically to mucous membranes. The drug may also be injected intracamerally (into the anterior chamber of the eye) or subconjunctivally (beneath Tenon's capsule) to control hemorrhage. Epinephrine nasal and topical solutions must not be injected.
No dosing information is available for this tab.
No dosing information is available for this tab.
Drug interactions
There is no enhanced messaging for this drug.
There are no contraindication interactions for this drug.
There are no severe interactions for this drug.
There are no moderate interactions for this drug.
Contraindications
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There are no contraindication contraindications for this drug.
There are no severe contraindications for this drug.
There are no moderate contraindications for this drug.
Adverse reactions
There is no enhanced messaging for this drug.
There are no severe adverse reactions for this drug.
There are no less severe adverse reactions for this drug.
Precautions
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Although there are no adequate and controlled studies to date in humans, epinephrine has been shown to be teratogenic in rats when given at dosages 25 times the usual human dosage. Parenterally administered epinephrine in late pregnancy or labor may cause fetal anoxia. (See Cautions: Pregnancy, in Epinephrine 12:12.12.) Epinephrine should be used during pregnancy only when the potential benefits justify the possible risks to the fetus.
No enhanced messaging available.
No enhanced messaging available.
ICD codes
No ICD codes are available for this drug.
Formulary status
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Last reviewed · Source: First Databank (FDB) drug data
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