Acne vulgaris

Acne vulgaris is a common, chronic inflammatory dermatologic disorder of the pilosebaceous unit that most frequently affects adolescents and young adults, though it can persist into or develop during adulthood Clinically, it manifests primarily on sebum-rich areas such as the face, neck, chest, and back with noninflammatory open and closed comedones, alongside inflammatory papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts

Acne vulgaris is a common, chronic inflammatory dermatologic disorder of the pilosebaceous unit that most frequently affects adolescents and young adults, though it can persist into or develop during adulthood Its pathogenesis is driven by an interplay of follicular hyperkeratinization, androgen-mediated sebum overproduction, colonization by the bacterium *Cutibacterium acnes*, and subsequent host immune and inflammatory responses

Acne vulgaris is a common, chronic inflammatory dermatologic disorder of the pilosebaceous unit that most frequently affects adolescents and young adults, though it can persist into or develop during adulthood Clinically, it manifests primarily on sebum-rich areas such as the face, neck, chest, and back with noninflammatory open and closed comedones, alongside inflammatory papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts

Its pathogenesis is driven by an interplay of follicular hyperkeratinization, androgen-mediated sebum overproduction, colonization by the bacterium *Cutibacterium acnes*, and subsequent host immune and inflammatory responses

Its pathogenesis is driven by an interplay of follicular hyperkeratinization, androgen-mediated sebum overproduction, colonization by the bacterium *Cutibacterium acnes*, and subsequent host immune and inflammatory responses

Clinically, it manifests primarily on sebum-rich areas such as the face, neck, chest, and back with noninflammatory open and closed comedones, alongside inflammatory papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts

Left unmanaged, severe or prolonged presentations can result in permanent cutaneous scarring, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and significant psychological distress