Cachexia due to HIV

Cachexia due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—historically categorized as HIV wasting syndrome—is a systemic metabolic and catabolic complication affecting individuals with HIV infection, most frequently observed in advanced disease or uncontrolled viremia

Cachexia due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—historically categorized as HIV wasting syndrome—is a systemic metabolic and catabolic complication affecting individuals with HIV infection, most frequently observed in advanced disease or uncontrolled viremia

It predominantly impacts the musculoskeletal and metabolic systems, presenting clinically as severe, involuntary weight loss characterized by a disproportionate depletion of lean body mass and skeletal muscle, often accompanied by persistent diarrhea, weakness, or fever lasting at least 30 days Pathophysiologically, the condition is driven by sustained immune dysregulation and elevated proinflammatory cytokines—such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6—which induce hypermetabolism, a...

It predominantly impacts the musculoskeletal and metabolic systems, presenting clinically as severe, involuntary weight loss characterized by a disproportionate depletion of lean body mass and skeletal muscle, often accompanied by persistent diarrhea, weakness, or fever lasting at least 30 days

Pathophysiologically, the condition is driven by sustained immune dysregulation and elevated proinflammatory cytokines—such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6—which induce hypermetabolism, altered protein synthesis, and anorexia, frequently exacerbated by enteropathy and nutrient malabsorption