Chronic iron overload in patient with non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia (NTDT)

Chronic iron overload in patients with non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia (NTDT) is a progressive state of systemic iron accumulation occurring in individuals with inherited hemoglobin disorders—such as β-thalassemia intermedia, hemoglobin E/β-thalassemia, and hemoglobin H disease—who do not require lifelong, regular blood transfusions for survival

Chronic iron overload in patients with non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia (NTDT) is a progressive state of systemic iron accumulation occurring in individuals with inherited hemoglobin disorders—such as β-thalassemia intermedia, hemoglobin E/β-thalassemia, and hemoglobin H disease—who do not require lifelong, regular blood transfusions for survival

Rather than being transfusional, this iron loading is primarily driven by chronic ineffective erythropoiesis, which downregulates hepatic hepcidin production (largely via erythroferrone signaling) and induces unrestricted intestinal iron absorption and macrophage iron release

Rather than being transfusional, this iron loading is primarily driven by chronic ineffective erythropoiesis, which downregulates hepatic hepcidin production (largely via erythroferrone signaling) and induces unrestricted intestinal iron absorption and macrophage iron release The resulting excess iron preferentially accumulates in hepatocytes, leading to elevated liver iron concentration, secondary serum ferritin elevation, and potential long-term complications including hepatic fibrosis, cirrho...

The resulting excess iron preferentially accumulates in hepatocytes, leading to elevated liver iron concentration, secondary serum ferritin elevation, and potential long-term complications including hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, endocrinopathies, and vascular disease

The resulting excess iron preferentially accumulates in hepatocytes, leading to elevated liver iron concentration, secondary serum ferritin elevation, and potential long-term complications including hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, endocrinopathies, and vascular disease