Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is an immune-mediated interstitial lung disease characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma and terminal bronchioles following recurrent inhalation of specific environmental antigens in a sensitized host The condition affects children and adults exposed to offending organic aerosols or chemical haptens, such as mold spores, bird proteins, and agricultural dusts

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is an immune-mediated interstitial lung disease characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma and terminal bronchioles following recurrent inhalation of specific environmental antigens in a sensitized host

The condition affects children and adults exposed to offending organic aerosols or chemical haptens, such as mold spores, bird proteins, and agricultural dusts Pathophysiologically, it involves an exaggerated humoral and cell-mediated immune response—predominantly driven by antigen-specific antibodies, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and alveolar macrophage activation—that can form loose, poorly formed granulomas Clinically, patients present with dyspnea, nonproductive cough, and constitutional symptom...

Pathophysiologically, it involves an exaggerated humoral and cell-mediated immune response—predominantly driven by antigen-specific antibodies, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and alveolar macrophage activation—that can form loose, poorly formed granulomas Clinically, patients present with dyspnea, nonproductive cough, and constitutional symptoms that may manifest as acute reversible episodes or progress to chronic, debilitating, and potentially irreversible pulmonary fibrosis

Pathophysiologically, it involves an exaggerated humoral and cell-mediated immune response—predominantly driven by antigen-specific antibodies, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and alveolar macrophage activation—that can form loose, poorly formed granulomas

Clinically, patients present with dyspnea, nonproductive cough, and constitutional symptoms that may manifest as acute reversible episodes or progress to chronic, debilitating, and potentially irreversible pulmonary fibrosis