Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor

A pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (also termed an islet cell tumor or pNET) is a rare neoplasm arising from the hormone-producing endocrine cells (islets of Langerhans) within the pancreas Pathophysiologically, they are classified as functional or nonfunctional; functional tumors hypersecrete hormones—such as insulin, gastrin, or glucagon—triggering distinct clinical syndromes, whereas nonfunctional tumors manifest through local mass effect or metastatic progression, commonly to the liver

A pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (also termed an islet cell tumor or pNET) is a rare neoplasm arising from the hormone-producing endocrine cells (islets of Langerhans) within the pancreas

Although primarily occurring sporadically in adults during their sixth to eighth decades of life, these tumors can also arise in association with hereditary syndromes such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) or von Hippel-Lindau disease

Although primarily occurring sporadically in adults during their sixth to eighth decades of life, these tumors can also arise in association with hereditary syndromes such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) or von Hippel-Lindau disease Biologically, they range from indolent, well-differentiated low-grade tumors to aggressive, poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas

Pathophysiologically, they are classified as functional or nonfunctional; functional tumors hypersecrete hormones—such as insulin, gastrin, or glucagon—triggering distinct clinical syndromes, whereas nonfunctional tumors manifest through local mass effect or metastatic progression, commonly to the liver

Biologically, they range from indolent, well-differentiated low-grade tumors to aggressive, poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas