Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology characterized by the formation of noncaseating granulomas in affected tissues Pathophysiologically, the disease is driven by an exaggerated cellular immune response, involving antigen-presenting cells and helper T lymphocytes, that triggers localized granulomatous inflammation and potential progressive fibrosis Clinical presentations vary widely from asymptomatic incidental findings on chest imaging to persistent cough, dyspnea,...

Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology characterized by the formation of noncaseating granulomas in affected tissues While it can involve virtually any organ system—including the skin, eyes, heart, liver, and central nervous system—it most commonly targets the respiratory tract, with intrathoracic lymphadenopathy and pulmonary parenchymal infiltration occurring in approximately 90% of cases Pathophysiologically, the disease is driven by an exaggerated cellular immune...

While it can involve virtually any organ system—including the skin, eyes, heart, liver, and central nervous system—it most commonly targets the respiratory tract, with intrathoracic lymphadenopathy and pulmonary parenchymal infiltration occurring in approximately 90% of cases Clinical presentations vary widely from asymptomatic incidental findings on chest imaging to persistent cough, dyspnea, fatigue, or organ-specific dysfunction, frequently presenting in young to middle-aged adults

Pathophysiologically, the disease is driven by an exaggerated cellular immune response, involving antigen-presenting cells and helper T lymphocytes, that triggers localized granulomatous inflammation and potential progressive fibrosis Clinical presentations vary widely from asymptomatic incidental findings on chest imaging to persistent cough, dyspnea, fatigue, or organ-specific dysfunction, frequently presenting in young to middle-aged adults