Toenail onychomycosis

Toenail onychomycosis is a chronic fungal infection involving the nail unit of the toes, including the nail plate, nail bed, and matrix It is predominantly caused by dermatophytes—most commonly *Trichophyton rubrum* and *Trichophyton mentagrophytes*—though non-dermatophyte molds and yeasts can also be etiologic agents

Toenail onychomycosis is a chronic fungal infection involving the nail unit of the toes, including the nail plate, nail bed, and matrix Pathophysiologically, the pathogens produce keratinolytic enzymes that invade and degrade the hard keratin of the nail apparatus

Toenail onychomycosis is a chronic fungal infection involving the nail unit of the toes, including the nail plate, nail bed, and matrix It is predominantly caused by dermatophytes—most commonly *Trichophyton rubrum* and *Trichophyton mentagrophytes*—though non-dermatophyte molds and yeasts can also be etiologic agents Defining clinical features include subungual hyperkeratosis, xanthonychia or other nail plate discolorations, onycholysis, and progressive nail thickening or dystrophy, which can r...

It is predominantly caused by dermatophytes—most commonly *Trichophyton rubrum* and *Trichophyton mentagrophytes*—though non-dermatophyte molds and yeasts can also be etiologic agents Defining clinical features include subungual hyperkeratosis, xanthonychia or other nail plate discolorations, onycholysis, and progressive nail thickening or dystrophy, which can result in local pain and secondary bacterial infections

Pathophysiologically, the pathogens produce keratinolytic enzymes that invade and degrade the hard keratin of the nail apparatus Defining clinical features include subungual hyperkeratosis, xanthonychia or other nail plate discolorations, onycholysis, and progressive nail thickening or dystrophy, which can result in local pain and secondary bacterial infections