Vomiting

Vomiting, or emesis, is a coordinated reflex characterized by the forceful retrograde expulsion of gastric and upper gastrointestinal contents through the oral cavity

Vomiting, or emesis, is a coordinated reflex characterized by the forceful retrograde expulsion of gastric and upper gastrointestinal contents through the oral cavity Clinically, it features synchronized somatic and autonomic responses, including retrograde peristalsis, abdominal wall and diaphragmatic contraction, relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, and glottic closure to prevent pulmonary aspiration

Vomiting, or emesis, is a coordinated reflex characterized by the forceful retrograde expulsion of gastric and upper gastrointestinal contents through the oral cavity

It affects patients across all age demographics and involves complex neurogastrointestinal signaling mediated by the central emetic circuitry in the brainstem, including the chemoreceptor trigger zone and nucleus tractus solitarius

It affects patients across all age demographics and involves complex neurogastrointestinal signaling mediated by the central emetic circuitry in the brainstem, including the chemoreceptor trigger zone and nucleus tractus solitarius Activation occurs via vagal afferents from the gastrointestinal tract, vestibular inputs, cortical pathways, or blood-borne emetogenic toxins

Activation occurs via vagal afferents from the gastrointestinal tract, vestibular inputs, cortical pathways, or blood-borne emetogenic toxins

Clinically, it features synchronized somatic and autonomic responses, including retrograde peristalsis, abdominal wall and diaphragmatic contraction, relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, and glottic closure to prevent pulmonary aspiration