Peptic ulcer

A peptic ulcer is a distinct mucosal defect that penetrates through the muscularis mucosae of the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly involving the stomach or proximal duodenum It develops when defensive mucosal factors are compromised by or overwhelmed by aggressive luminal factors such as gastric acid and pepsin, predominantly triggered by *Helicobacter pylori* infection or the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Patients typically present with dyspepsia or gnawing epigastric pain re...

A peptic ulcer is a distinct mucosal defect that penetrates through the muscularis mucosae of the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly involving the stomach or proximal duodenum

It develops when defensive mucosal factors are compromised by or overwhelmed by aggressive luminal factors such as gastric acid and pepsin, predominantly triggered by *Helicobacter pylori* infection or the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Patients typically present with dyspepsia or gnawing epigastric pain related to meal intake, though ulcers may also present acutely with severe complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation, or gastric outlet obstruction